SOMATOM On.site Radiation Safety - USA

Continue Continue Continue Continue Continue Continue Continue Continue Continue SOMATOM On.site Radiation Safety Online Training Master Template HILS2218 | Effective Date: 25 Mar 2022 ? SOMATOM On.site Radiation Safety Online Training This course covers various aspects of stray radiation, including protection components, distribution patterns, dose estimation, and measured stray radiation data. Know SOMATOM On.site's components for protection from stray radiation Differentiate between stray radiation data from technical and clinical setups Know the stray radiation doses from daily checkup, calibration, and quality assurance Understand the characteristics of stray radiation 1 4 3 2 Welcome [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_01_welcome.wav] Welcome to the SOMATOM On.site Radiation Safety Online Training. This course covers various aspects of stray radiation, including protection components, distribution patterns, dose estimation, and measured stray radiation data. By completing this training, you’ll achieve the four listed learning objectives. ? Navigation hints Before you start, we would like to give you a few tips on how to navigate: This slide is mandatory for all ED1 trainings. It is displayed directly after the Welcome slide. Please delete what is not needed. Table with 2 columns and 4 rows Not all pages contain audio. Some pages invite you to read for yourself. All pages show a ? button in the lower-right corner. Select the ? button to get a quick guide through the navigation elements. Select the button on the left upper corner to display or hide the menu. Enjoy the course! ? Navigation hints ? Introduction SOMATOM On.site is operated directly from the gantry operator panel Used in intensive care units, patient rooms or mobile stroke units Priority: Protecting operators, staff, adjacent patients, and visitors from stray radiation Introduction [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_02_introduction.wav] The mobile CT scanner SOMATOM On.site is operated directly from the gantry operator panel. It’s used in areas such as intensive care units, patient rooms or in vehicles like mobile stroke units. Therefore, radiation safety requires special attention to protect the operator, staff, adjacent patients, and visitors from stray radiation appropriately. Learn more about protection from stray radiation and its characteristics on the following pages. ? Protection from stray radiation SOMATOM On.site provides an effective shielding of stray radiation through the following components: Shielded gantry Telescopic design of the shielded gantry Rear radiation shield Front Halo radiation shield In addition, SOMATOM On.site provides a visual and audible indication of X-ray exposure. Protection from stray radiation [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_03_stray-radiation-protection.wav] SOMATOM On.site provides an effective shielding of stray radiation through the following components: [2-second pause] The shielded gantry and the telescopic design of the shielded gantry. [2-second pause] The rear radiation shield for the back opening of the gantry bore. [2-second pause] And the front Halo radiation shield for the space between the patient’s body and the front opening of the gantry bore. [2-second pause] In addition, SOMATOM On.site provides a visual and audible indication of X-ray exposure. ? Assumptions and approximations A typical clinical examination factory brain protocol only one tomographic (spiral) scan at 120 kV CTDIvol (16 cm) of ≈ 45 mGy DLP of ≈ 636 mGy⋅cm ≈ 12 cm selected scan range ≈ 242 (total) mAs A topogram with a low dose is neglected. A typical clinical operation, relevant for personal dose 5 examinations per day 5 operation days per week and 50 operation weeks per year ≈ 302,500 (total) mAs Assumptions and approximations [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_04_assumptions.wav] Let's first examine the assumptions and approximations we make to estimate the stray radiation effective dose received by a person at a certain location. A typical clinical examination uses the factory brain protocol with only one tomographic (spiral) scan at 120 kV. The CTDIvolume (16 Centimeters) is approximately equal to 45 milligrays, and the DLP is approximately equal to 636 milligrays per centimeter. This corresponds to a selected scan range of approximately 12 centimeters and a total of approximately 242 mAs. A topogram with a low dose is neglected. [2-second pause] A typical clinical operation, relevant for personal dose, is: Five examinations per day, five operation days per week, and 50 operation weeks per year. This corresponds to a total of approximately 302,500 mAs. ? Lateral stray radiation distribution (1/2) Table with 5 columns and 11 rows nGy/mAs μSv/exam mSv/a a < 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 b 0.3 - 1.7 0.1 - 0.4 0.1 - 0.5 c 1.7 - 3.3 0.4 - 0.8 0.5 - 1.0 d 3.3 - 6.6 0.8 - 1.6 1.0 - 2.0 e 6.6 - 20 1.6 - 4.8 2.0 - 6.0 f 20 - 33 4.8 - 8.0 6.0 - 10 g 33 - 66 8.0 - 16 10 - 20 h 66 - 166 16 - 40 20 - 50 i > 166 > 40 > 50 Designated significant zone of occupancy Anticipated typical operation of ≈ 242 (total) mAs per exam and ≈ 302,500 (total) mAs per year. Closed Closed Open Open Front Halo radiation shield Lateral stray radiation distribution [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_05_stray-distribution01.wav] On this page, you’ll find the estimated distribution of stray radiation in the horizontal plane through the scanner axis. We’ll examine two scenarios: one with the front Halo radiation shield closed, and the other with the front Halo radiation shield open. The rear radiation shield is closed in both cases. Please select the appropriate tabs to switch between the scenarios. The graphics show interpolated and extrapolated measured data. As you can see, the radiation distribution is altered by the front Halo radiation shield. The estimated effective dose in microsieverts per exam and millisieverts per year is derived from the assumptions mentioned before. This means that the estimated effective dose is based on an anticipated typical operation of approximately 242 mAs per exam and approximately 302,500 mAs per year. Closed Open ? Lateral stray radiation distribution (2/2) Table with 5 columns and 11 rows nGy/mAs μSv/exam mSv/a a < 0.3 < 0.1 < 0.1 b 0.3 - 1.7 0.1 - 0.4 0.1 - 0.5 c 1.7 - 3.3 0.4 - 0.8 0.5 - 1.0 d 3.3 - 6.6 0.8 - 1.6 1.0 - 2.0 e 6.6 - 20 1.6 - 4.8 2.0 - 6.0 f 20 - 33 4.8 - 8.0 6.0 - 10 g 33 - 66 8.0 - 16 10 - 20 h 66 - 166 16 - 40 20 - 50 i > 166 > 40 > 50 Designated significant zone of occupancy Front Halo radiation shield D = Dtab ∙ Total mAs Tube Current ∙ Exposure Time Eff. mAs ∙ Rot. Time Pitch Closed Closed Open Open Lateral stray radiation distribution (2/2) [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_06_stray-distribution02.wav] And this is how you can calculate the dose D received by stray radiation during a spiral scan at a certain position. To estimate the dose D, the value of D-tab has to be multiplied with the total mAs of the scan. [2-second pause] D-tab is stated in the graphics in nanograys per mAs for the according position. [2-second pause] The total mAs of the scan is the product of the tube current applied, and the total exposure time applied. [2-second pause] You can calculate the tube current by multiplying the displayed value of Effective mAs with the pitch divided by the rotation time. [2-second pause] The exposure time is displayed at the scanner and recorded in the DICOM Dose Structured Report. For more details, please refer to the Dosimetry and imaging performance report chapter of the System Owner Manual. Closed Open ? Vertical dose profile in the designated significant zone of occupancy Designated significant zone of occupancy 1 2 Front Halo radiation shield (1) closed (2) open Rear radiation shield was closed in both cases. Vertical dose profile within the designated significant zone of occupancy in the technical setup in nGy/mAs where the Y-axis is the height above the floor in cm and the X-axis is Air Kerma in nGy/mAs. Vertical dose profile in the designated significant zone of occupancy [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_07_vertical-dose.wav] The crosshatched area marks the designated significant zone of occupancy according to “IEC six o six o one dash one dash three”. For this area, a dose profile in the vertical direction at the lateral position with the highest dose value has been measured. Profile 1 was measured with the front Halo radiation shield closed. Profile 2 was measured with the front Halo radiation shield open. The rear radiation shield was closed in both cases. As you can see, the dose is lower when you close the front Halo radiation shield. ? Stray radiation measurement in technical setup The stray radiation data shown so far has been measured in a technical setup following IEC 60601-2-44. In this setup, a CTDI phantom was used as a scatter body, and the measurements were conducted in axial scans at a fixed gantry position. Technical setup Front Halo radiation shield (1) closed (2) open 2 1 Stray radiation measurement in technical setup [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_08_technical-setup.wav] The stray radiation data shown so far has been measured in a technical setup following “IEC six o six o one dash two dash forty four”. In this setup, a CTDI phantom was used as a scatter body, and the measurements were conducted in axial scans at a fixed gantry position. ? Estimation of stray radiation dose from daily checkup and calibration The stray radiation doses from daily checkups and calibration are relatively low as the corresponding scans are scanned without a phantom and at low tube load. Technical setup The measurement position is on the scanner axis and approximately 50 cm in front of the gantry. Frequency of calibration relevant for a personal dose 1x per day, on 5 days per week, in 50 weeks of the year. Values at the operator position can be expected to be significantly lower. Table with 3 columns and 4 rows Front Halo radiation shield closed Front Halo radiation shield open Air KERMA ≈ 0.9 μGy / 1.3 μGy ≈ 2.5 μGy / 3.6 μGy Eff. Dose ≈ 0.9 μSv / 1.3 μSv ≈ 2.5 μSv / 3.6 μSv Annual Eff. Dose ≈ 0.2 mSv/a / 0.3 mSv/a ≈ 0.6 mSv/a / 0.9 mSv/a Estimation of stray radiation dose from daily checkup and calibration [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_09_daily-checkup-calibration.wav] Let's look at the estimation of the stray radiation dose from the daily checkup and calibration. The stray radiation doses from daily checkups and calibration are relatively low as the corresponding scans are scanned without a phantom and at low tube load. The measurement position in the technical setup is on the scanner axis and approximately 50 cm in front of the gantry. With the front Halo radiation shield closed, the measured Air KERMA was approximately 0.9 microgray / 1.3 microgray. With the front Halo radiation shield open, the Air KERMA during calibration and checkup was measured to be approximately 2.5 microgray / 3.6 microgray. We anticipate a conversion of 1 milligray is equivalent to 1 millisievert. The correspondingly expected effective dose per calibration and checkup is estimated to be: - Approximately 0.9 microsieverts / 1.3 microsieverts with the front Halo radiation shield closed. - And approximately 2.5 microsieverts / 3.6 microsieverts with the front Halo radiation shield open. We assume the following frequency of calibration relevant for a personal dose: Once per day, on five days per week, and in fifty weeks of the year. This results in the following annual effective dose due to calibration and check up: Approximately 0.2 millisieverts per year / 0.3 millisieverts per year with the front Halo radiation shield closed and approximately 0.6 millisieverts per year / 0.9 millisieverts per year with the front Halo radiation shield open. Values at the operator position can be expected to be significantly lower. ? Estimation of stray radiation dose from quality assurance The stray radiation dose from quality assurance testing, according to IEC 61223-3-5, depends on the individual extent and frequency of measurements. ≈ 75 cm Technical setup Estimation All scans done with 120 kV Scatter from phantom is equivalent to that of CTDI phantom at ≈ 75 cm in front of gantry Estimated effective dose per constancy test (1) closed: ≈ 0.2 mSv (2) open: ≈ 0.5 mSv The corresponding estimated dose at the operator position was < 0.1 mSv for both front Halo radiation shield open and closed. 2 1 Front Halo radiation shield (1) closed (2) open Estimation of stray radiation dose from quality assurance [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_10_quality-assurance.wav] The stray radiation dose from quality assurance testing, according to “I E C six one two two three dash three dash five”, depends on the individual extent and frequency of measurements. A worst case estimation with conservative simplifications assumes the following: - All scans are done with 120 kV. - The scatter from the phantom is equivalent to that of the CTDI phantom for a position approximately 75 cm in front of the gantry. This results in the following estimated effective dose per constancy test: - Approximately 0.2 millisieverts with the front Halo radiation shield closed. - And approximately 0.5 millisieverts with the front Halo radiation shield open. The corresponding estimated dose at the operator position was less than 0.1 millisieverts for both front Halo radiation shield open and closed. ? Radiation dose distribution with simulated clinical setup Additionally, a data sample was also measured within a simulated clinical setup, with an anthropomorphic phantom positioned in a realistic patient bed. The measurement was performed using a representative clinical spiral scan protocol element over a typical spiral scan range. Clinical setup Front Halo radiation shield (1) closed (2) open 2 1 Radiation dose distribution with simulated clinical setup [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_11_clinical-setup.wav] So far, you’ve seen the measurement of radiation dose distribution in a technical setup. Additionally, a data sample was also measured within a simulated clinical setup, with an anthropomorphic phantom positioned in a realistic patient bed. The measurement was performed using a representative clinical spiral scan protocol element over a typical spiral scan range. As in the technical setup, the radiation dose was measured with both the front Halo radiation shield closed and open. On the next page, you'll find the data obtained from these measurements. ? Measured stray radiation data in technical setup and clinical setup Table with 17 columns and 12 rows 22 18 4.3 2.5 0.8 -2.5 m -2.0 m 50 50 29 5.8 4.6 1.9 1.1 0.9 -1.5 m 8.2 16 35 (8.8) 66 (22) 99 115 (43) 26 (19) 7.7 (6.0) 1.7 (0.5) 1.2 (0.5) 1.4 -1.0 m 70 122 257 490 1.01 2.4 (2.4) 1.2 -0.5 m 11 23 66 119 283 1231 7.8 2.2 (2.5) 1.2 0.0 m 70 121 242 458 (254) 0.6 1.9 (1.9) 1.1 0.5 m 8.4 15 34 (10) 64 (25) 94 (42) 104 (52) 23 (17) 4.5 (2.2) 1.1 (0.3) 1.0 (0.4) 1.3 1.0 m 50 47 27 5.3 3.2 1.6 1.1 0.8 1.5 m 2.0 m 8.4 13 18 (7.0) 20 17 (8.2) 14 3.8 2.1 1.0 2.5 m -6.0 m -5.5 m -5.0 m -4.5 m -4.0 m -3.5 m -3.0 m -2.5 m -2.0 m -1.5 m -1.0 m -0.5 m 0.0 m 0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m Stray radiation The graphic illustrates the stray radiation in nGy/mAs in the horizontal plane through the scanner axis. Measurements Black numbers = technical setup Orange numbers = clinical setup Gray area Range of data in accordance with IEC 60601-2-44. Closed Closed Open Open Front Halo radiation shield The data measured in the clinical setup, for various measurement locations, are significantly lower than the data measured in the technical setup. Measured stray radiation data in technical setup and clinical setup [somatom_on-site_radiation-safety-olt_12_data-comparison.wav] Here you can see the measured data for stray radiation in both the technical setup and the clinical setup. The graphic illustrates stray radiation in nano grey per mAs in the horizontal plane through the scanner axis. For comparability, the values in the clinical setup are also scaled to nano grey per mAs. The black numbers have been measured with the technical setup. The orange numbers in brackets have been measured with the setup simulating a clinical situation. The gray area indicates the range of data in accordance with "I E C six o six o one dash two dash fourty four". You can switch between the data with the front Halo radiation shield closed and open by selecting the respective buttons. The data measured in the clinical setup, for various measurement locations, are significantly lower than the data measured in the technical setup. In general, the accuracy of the measured data is limited to the accuracy of measurement devices and measurement method. For further information, please refer to the Radiation Safety Guide. ? Table with 17 columns and 12 rows 8.1 6.5 1.7 1.7 0.5 -2.5 m -2.0 m 18 19 12 3.1 3.4 1.0 0.6 0.5 -1.5 m 5.3 12 15 26 36 41 10 6.1 0.9 0.8 1.0 -1.0 m 26 45 92 155 0.91 2.1 1.0 -0.5 m 7.4 15 23 42 103 420 7.8 2.2 1.0 0.0 m 26 44 87 147 (51) 0.6 1.8 0.9 0.5 m 5.5 12 22 (2.4) 25 (5.9) 34 (10) 39 (10) 9.0 (4.4) 2.9 (1.7) 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 m 18 18 11 2.4 2.0 0.9 0.6 0.5 1.5 m 2.0 m 4.6 6.4 7.3 3.3 1.7 1.4 0.6 2.5 m -6.0 m -5.5 m -5.0 m -4.5 m -4.0 m -3.5 m -3.0 m -2.5 m -2.0 m -1.5 m -1.0 m -0.5 m 0.0 m 0.5 m 1.0 m 1.5 m Stray radiation The graphic illustrates the stray radiation in nGy/mAs in the horizontal plane through the scanner axis. Measurements Black numbers = technical setup Orange numbers = clinical setup Gray area Range of data in accordance with IEC 60601-2-44. Closed Open Open ? Course review Congratulations. You have completed the SOMATOM On.site Radiation Safety Online Training. Select the numbered buttons below to review the material before proceeding to the final assessment. Differentiate between stray radiation data from technical and clinical setups Know the stray radiation doses from daily checkup, calibration, and quality assurance Understand the characteristics of stray radiation Know SOMATOM On.site's components for protection from stray radiation 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 Course review Differentiate between stray radiation data from technical and clinical setups The data measured in the clinical setup, for various measurement locations, are significantly lower than the data measured in the technical setup Clinical setup Technical setup Know the stray radiation doses from daily checkup, calibration, and quality assurance The stray radiation dose from quality assurance testing, according to IEC 61223-3-5, depends on the individual extent and frequency of measurements Estimated effective dose per constancy test: ≈ 0.2 mSv with the front Halo radiation shield closed ≈ 0.5 mSv with the front Halo radiation shield open The corresponding estimated dose at the operator position was < 0.1 mSv for both front Halo radiation shield open and closed 1 1 2 2 2 Select the X button to return to the overview page. Know the stray radiation doses from daily checkup, calibration, and quality assurance The stray radiation doses from daily checkups and calibration are relatively low as the corresponding scans are scanned without a phantom and at low tube load Annual effective dose due to calibration and check up: Frequency: 1x per day, on 5 days per week, in 50 weeks of the year ≈ 0.2 mSv/a / 0.3 mSv/a with the front Halo radiation shield closed ≈ 0.6 mSv/a / 0.9 mSv/a with the front Halo radiation shield open Values at the operator position can be expected to be significantly lower Select page 2 to continue. 1 1 2 2 1 Understand the characteristics of stray radiation The stray radiation dose is lower when the front Halo radiation shield is closed This applies to both the lateral stray radiation distribution and the vertical dose profile in the designated significant zone of occupancy Front Halo radiation shield (1) closed (2) open 1 2 Designated significant zone of occupancy Know SOMATOM On.site's components for protection from stray radiation SOMATOM On.site provides an effective shielding of stray radiation through the following components: Shielded gantry Telescopic design of the shielded gantry Rear radiation shield Front Halo radiation shield Disclaimer Please note that the learning material is for training purposes only. For the proper use of the software or hardware, please always use the Operator Manual or Instructions for Use (hereinafter collectively “Operator Manual”) issued by Siemens Healthineers. This material is to be used as training material only and shall by no means substitute the Operator Manual. Any material used in this training will not be updated on a regular basis and does not necessarily reflect the latest version of the software and hardware available at the time of the training. The Operator Manual shall be used as your main reference, in particular for relevant safety information like warnings and cautions. Please note: Some functions shown in this material are optional and might not be part of your system. Certain products, product related claims or functionalities (hereinafter collectively “Functionality”) may not (yet) be commercially available in your country. Due to regulatory requirements, the future availability of said Functionalities in any specific country is not guaranteed. Please contact your local Siemens Healthineers sales representative for the most current information. The reproduction, transmission or distribution of this training or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All names and data of patients, parameters and configuration dependent designations are fictional and examples only. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. Unrestricted | Published by Siemens Healthineers AG | © Siemens Healthineers AG, 2024 Siemens Healthineers HQ | Siemens Healthineers AG Siemensstr. 3 91301 Forchheim Germany Phone: +49 9191 18-0 siemens-healthineers.com ? Disclaimer Assessment Welcome to the assessment. For each question, select the button to the left of your answer, and then select Submit. You will have 3 attempts to take this assessment and to successfully pass this course, you must receive a score of 80% or higher. You will receive your score when you have completed the assessment. Note: If you close the learning activity at any time before you have finished the quiz, your answers will not be saved. Select Start to begin. Start Assessment ? Select three (3) answers. Question 1 of 5 Which components of SOMATOM On.site provide protection against stray radiation? Shielded gantry Front Halo radiation shield EMERGENCY STOP key Rear radiation shield Question 1 Select the correct designated area, then select Submit below. Question 2 of 5 Where should you position yourself while scanning? ? Question 2 Select the best answer. ? Profile (1) Question 3 of 5 Which vertical dose profile was measured with the front Halo radiation shield closed? Profile (2) Profile (3) 3 1 2 Question 3 Select the best answer. ? The stray radiation doses are comparable to those encountered during a patient examination. Question 4 of 5 Which statement about the stray radiation doses from daily checkup and calibration is correct? The stray radiation doses are relatively low as the corresponding scans are scanned without a phantom and at low tube load. The stray radiation doses are negligible and have no impact on safety. Question 4 Which statement about the stray radiation doses from daily checkup and calibration is correct? Select the best answer. ? Stray radiation levels are generally higher in the clinical setup compared to the technical setup. Question 5 of 5 Which statement is correct when comparing stray radiation in a technical setup with that in a clinical setup? The data measured in the clinical setup, for various measurement locations, are significantly lower than the data from the technical setup. Measurements in the clinical setup indicate comparable levels of stray radiation to those in the technical setup. Question 5 Which statement is correct when comparing stray radiation in a technical setup with that in a clinical setup? Retry Assessment Results %Quiz2.ScorePercent%% %Quiz2.PassPercent%% Continue YOUR SCORE: PASSING SCORE: Results Slide You have exceeded your number of assessment attempts. Exit You did not pass the course. Select Retry to continue. Congratulations. You passed the course. Exit To access your Certificate of Completion, select the Certificates tab from the learning activity overview page. You can also access the certificate from your PEPconnect transcript. ? You have completed the SOMATOM On.site Radiation Safety Online Training. Completion Navigation Help Select the icon above to open the table of contents. Click Next to continue. Next Welcome Slide The timeline displays the slide progression. Slide the orange bar backwards to rewind the timeline. Click Next to continue. Next Timeline Select the X to close the pop-up. Click Next to continue. Next Layer Slide Select Submit to record your response. Click the X in the upper right corner to exit the navigation help. Assessment Slide Question Bank 1 SOMATOM On.site Radiation Safety 1.1 Welcome 1.2 Navigation hints 1.3 Introduction 1.4 Protection from stray radiation Characteristics of stray radiation 1.5 Assumptions and approximations 1.6 Lateral stray radiation distribution 1.8 Vertical dose profile in the designated significant zone of occupancy 1.9 Stray radiation measurement in technical setup 1.10 Estimation of stray radiation dose from daily checkup and calibration 1.11 Estimation of stray radiation dose from quality assurance 1.12 Radiation dose distribution with simulated clinical setup 1.13 Measured stray radiation data in technical setup and clinical setup 1.14 Course review 1.15 Disclaimer 1.16 Assessment