Siemens Healthineers Kernel Concept - USA

Continue Continue Siemens Kernel Concept Online Training Siemens Kernel Concept Online Training This online training will introduce you to the naming logic and details of the kernel systems implemented in different Somaris CT scanner groups, and will cover the following three learning objectives: Describe the role of Kernels in CT image reconstruction 1 Specify the Somaris 10 Kernel concept 3 Explain the Somaris 5 and 7 Kernel concept 2 Master Template HOOD05162003052540 | Effective Date: 26-Nov-2019 Siemens Kernel Concept Online Training [audf_001.mp3] Welcome to the Siemens Kernel Concept Online Training. This online training will introduce you to the naming logic and details of the kernel systems implemented in different Somaris CT scanner groups, and will cover the following three learning objectives: Describe the Role of Kernels in CT Image Reconstruction Role of Kernels in CT Image Reconstruction CT Scanner Groups SOMATOM Spirit SOMATOM Scope SOMATOM Emotion 16 SOMATOM Perspective SOMATOM Force SOMATOM Drive SOMATOM Edge Plus SOMATOM Definition Family SOMATOM X.cite SOMATOM On.site SOMATOM go. Platform Somaris 5 Somaris 7 Somaris 10 CT Scanner Groups [audf_002.mp3] A general remark at the start: In this training, we will use the CT scanners’ group names such as Somaris 5, Somaris 7, and Somaris 10 instead of using the individual scanners’ names. This makes sense because each group shares the same user interface and kernel concept. A notable exception is the SOMATOM Force in the Somaris 7 group. More details about this scanner’s special status will follow later in this training. Role of Kernels in Image Reconstruction Raw Data Images Reconstruction Kernel (e.g. B30f) Role of Kernels in Image Reconstruction [audf_003.mp3] In CT data acquisition, the images are reconstructed from raw data. A convolution algorithm called “kernel” is used for image reconstruction. It affects the appearance of image structures by performing image processing operations such as sharpening, edge detection, and more. Different kernels have been developed for specific anatomical applications including the “standard kernel” for soft tissue and the “bone kernel” for bony structures. Bone kernels produce a sharper image with higher spatial resolution. Kernel Definition A kernel … Is an image reconstruction parameter. It affects image sharpness, noise, and resolution. It applies a specific mathematical algorithm to the image elements. It digitally filters the raw data during image reconstruction. Kernel Definition [audf_004.mp3] Here is a list of some important kernel attributes: A kernel … • is an image reconstruction parameter. • It affects image sharpness, noise, and resolution. • It applies a specific mathematical algorithm to the image elements. It digitally filters the raw data during image reconstruction. Explain the Somaris 5 and 7 Kernel Concept Somaris 5 and 7 Kernel Concept Position 4 Scan Mode Position 3 Position 2 Sharpness and Noise Position 1 Type B30f = Pos 1 B Pos 2 3 Pos 3 0 Pos 4 f D = Dual Energy B = Body H = Head U = Ultra High Resolution S = Special Kernel T = Topogram f = Fast u = Ultra High Resolution Version Information s = Standard A higher kernel number results in sharper images and higher resolution. Please note: The numbers can go from 1 to 9. A higher kernel number results in noisier images. h = High Resolution C = Child Somaris 5 and 7* | Conventional Kernel Concept * SOMATOM Force and Somaris 7 scanner with SW Version VB10 and higher are excluded. NOTE: Whether the conventional or the updated kernel concept is implemented in the scanners of the Somaris 5 and 7 groups, depends on the specific VA, VB, and VC software versions. The upgrades were made at different times. Somaris 5 and 7 | Conventional Kernel Concept [audf_005.mp3] This table gives you an overview of the conventional kernel naming system for the CT scanners in the Somaris 5 and 7 groups. Body kernel B30f is used as an example.   Position 1: The capital letter indicates the body region or special application. Position 2: The first digit of the kernel number indicates the sharpness and image noise. A higher number results in sharper but also noisier images. Position 3: The second digit of the kernel number indicates the version information. Position 4: The small letter indicates the scan mode. Somaris 5 and 7* | Body Kernels * SOMATOM Force and Somaris 7 scanner with SW Version VB10 and higher are excluded. Lung Kernels Soft Tissue Kernels B36f HeartView Medium + B10f, B10s Very Smooth B20f, B20s Smooth B30f, B30s Medium Smooth B31f, B30s Medium Smooth + B35f, B35s HeartView Medium B50f, B50s Medium Sharp B18f, B18s Smooth (Obese) B40f, B40s Medium B41f, B40s Medium + B45f, B45s Medium B46f Heart View Sharp B60f, B60s Sharp B70f, B70s Very Sharp B75f, B75s Very Sharp B80f, B80s Ultra Sharp Somaris 5 and 7 | Body Kernels [audf_006.mp3] This is an overview of body kernels that are used in soft tissue and lung examinations. Kernels B10 to B46 are recommended for use in soft tissue imaging. Some of the kernels in this range are for cardiac images. Kernels B50 to B80 are recommended for use in CT examinations of the lung. Higher kernel numbers result in sharper images with a higher resolution, but may give rise to more noise in the images. Lower kernel numbers make for a smoother image impression and less noise. Somaris 5 and 7 | Lung Kernels Image Comparison Standard Kernel High Resolution Kernel * SOMATOM Force and Somaris 7 scanner with SW Version VB10 and higher are excluded. Somaris 5 and 7 | Lung Kernels [audf_007.mp3] This is an image comparison between a lung Standard kernel and a High Resolution kernel. You can see small structures more clearly in the image reconstructed with the High Resolution kernel but, on the downside, the image has more noise than the image generated with the Standard kernel. Somaris 5 and 7 | Updated Kernel Concept (since 2013) NOTE: Whether the conventional or the updated kernel concept is implemented in the scanners of the Somaris 5 and 7 groups, depends on the specific VA, VB, and VC software versions. The upgrades were made at different times. * SOMATOM Force and Somaris 7 scanner with SW Version VB10 and higher are excluded. Position 1 : Kernel Family Br32 = Pos 1 B Pos 2 r Pos 3 32 S = Special Kernel H = Head B = Body Q = Quantitative Sb = Special Body 49 Hc = Head Crisp 40 - 44 Qr = Quantitative Regular 32 - 69 Sh = Special Head 49 Bf = Body Fine Noise 32 - 44 Bl = Body Lung Special 57 - 64 Br = Body Regular 32 - 69 Bv = Body Vascular 36 - 59 Hf = Head Fine 38 - 40 Hp = Head Pediatric 38 Hr = Head Regular 32 - 69 Ub = UHR Body 36 - 59 U = UHR Uh = UHR Head 36 - 59 Ul = UHR Lung Special 57 - 64 Ur = UHR Regular 69 - 89 Position 2 : Kernel Group, Position 3 : Resolution Somaris 5 and 7 | Updated Kernel Concept (since 2013) [audf_008.mp3] In 2013, an updated kernel concept was introduced for the CT scanners in the Somaris 5 and 7 groups. You can see the naming logic in this table. Body kernel Br32 serves as an example. Position 1: The capital letter indicates the Kernel Family. Position 2: The small letter indicates the Kernel Group. Position 3: The two-digit kernel number indicates the Resolution. Somaris 7 | Special Case SOMATOM Force NOTE: Kernels from the SOMATOM Definition family cannot automatically be mapped to kernels on the SOMATOM Force. The mapping depends on the availability of kernels and the clinical application. * SOMATOM Force and Somaris 7 scanner with SW Version VB10 and higher are excluded. Somaris 7 | Special Case SOMATOM Force [audf_009.mp3] The kernels of the SOMATOM Force are different from all other scanners in the Somaris 5 and 7 groups. As you can see in the table, Body kernels start with B, Head kernels start with H, Quantitative Regular kernels start with Q, and Ultra High Resolution (UHR) kernels start with U. The image resolution is different between kernels. Users can choose the proper kernel depending on the clinical needs for a particular CT examination. Please note: Kernels from the SOMATOM Definition family cannot automatically be mapped to kernels on the SOMATOM Force. The mapping depends on the availability of kernels and the clinical application. Specify the Somaris 10 Kernel Concept Somaris 10 Kernel Concept Somaris 10 | Kernel Naming System Kernel Name Pattern​ ​ ​ ​ for example: B (Body), H (Head), Q (Quantitative)​ for example: r (regular), v (vascular),​ for example: 40 ​ ​ Examples of kernel names: Br40, Bv40, Hr40, …​ e.g.: Br40 Kernel Naming System [audf_010.mp3] We now move on to the CT scanners in the Somaris 10 group. For these systems, the kernel name pattern consists of the elements Kernel Type, Sub Kernel Type, and Resolution Index. The Kernel Type is, for example, represented by the capital letters B (for Body), H (for Head), or Q (for Quantitative). The Sub Kernel Type is, for example, represented by the small letters r (for regular) or v (for vascular). The Resolution Index is indicated by a two-digit number like 40. Examples of full kernel names are: Br40, Bv40, and Hr40. Somaris 10 | Kernel Types and Sub Types * Only for VB20 (Somaris 7 scanners) * SOMATOM Force and Somaris 7 scanner with SW Version VB10 and higher are excluded. Table with 3 columns and 9 rows KernelType​ SubKernelType​ Kernel Properties and Usage​ B (Body)​ e (Emission CT)​ Body kernels for usage in CT reconstructions for PET/SPECT (attenuation correction, smooth kernels).​ ​ r (Regular)​ Body kernels for regular imaging tasks (regular are all tasks which are not explicitly listed).​ ​ v (Vascular)​ Body kernels for vascular imaging tasks (enhancement of vessels).​ H (Head)​ e (Emission CT)​ Head kernels for usage in CT reconstructions for PET/SPECT (attenuation correction, smooth kernels).​ ​ f (FineNoise)*​ Noise texture at the same resolution is finer than with regular body kernels.  ​ c (Crisp)​ Different noise texture than the corresponding regular head kernels. Aims to provide a second type of image impression for comparative purposes. ​ r (Regular )​ Body kernels for regular imaging tasks (regular are all tasks which are not explicitly listed).​ Q (Quantitative)​ r (Regular)​ Quantitative kernels with no over- and undershoots. Are to be chosen for imaging tasks where the absolute HU value is of interest (dual energy, calcium scoring).​ Kernel Types and Sub Types [audf_011.mp3] There is a selection of Sub Kernel Types available for each Kernel Type as you can see in the table. These include Sub Kernel Types e, r, and v for Kernel Type B (Body) and e, f, c, and r for Kernel Type H (Head). Kernel Type Q (Quantitative) only includes one option: the Sub Kernel Type r. Please refer to the table for more information on the kernel properties and usage of the listed subtypes. Somaris 10 | Kernel Overview Position 1 : KernelType Br40 = Pos 1 B Pos 2 r Pos 3 40 S = Special Kernel H = Head B = Body Q = Quantitative Hc = Head Crisp 40 - 44 Qr = Quantitative Regular 36 - 72 Rl = Reconstruction Loop 05 Be = Body Emission CT 05 - 32 Bl = Body Lung Special 56 - 64 Br = Body Regular 36 - 72 Bv = Body Vascular 36 - 56 Hr = Head Regular 36 - 72 Hv = Head Vascular 36 - 56 Rs = Reconstruction Shepp-Logan 36 - 40 Sa = Special Artificial120 36 - 40 Sb = Special Body 48 Sd = Special eDDensity 36 - 40 Position 2 : SubKernelType, Position 3 : ResolutionIndex Sh = Special Head 48 Sm = Special mDDensity 36 - 40 Or = Osteo Regular 40 Kernel Overview [audf_012.mp3] The Somaris 10 scanner group has some new kernels which Somaris 5 and 7 scanners do not have, such as Or, RI, Rs, Sa, Sd, and Sm. Or stands for “Osteo Regular”; this is the dedicated Osteo kernel in the Somaris 10 group. There is no UHR kernel in Somaris 10 scanners. Specify the Somaris 10 Kernel Concept Explain the Somaris 5 and 7 Kernel Concept Describe the Role of Kernels in CT Image Reconstruction Course Review Congratulations. You have completed the Siemens Kernel Concept course. Select the objectives listed below to review the material before proceeding to the final assessment. Additionally, a full course review is available in the Resources tab. 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 Course Review Table with 1 columns and 2 rows Example: Br40 Position 1: The capital letter indicates the kernel type, here “Body”. Position 2: The small letter indicates the sub kernel type, here “Regular”. Position 3: The two-digit kernel number indicates the resolution index, here “40”. Please note: The Somaris 10 scanner group has some new kernels which Somaris 5 and 7 scanners do not have, such as Or, “Osteo Regular”, a dedicated Osteo kernel available on Somaris 10 scanners. Specify the Somaris 10 Kernel Concept Explain the Somaris 5 and 7 Kernel Concept Table with 2 columns and 3 rows Conventional Kernel Concept Updated Kernel Concept (since 2013) Example: B30f Example: Br32 Position 1: The capital letter indicates the body region or special application, here “Body”. Position 2: The first digit of the kernel number indicates the sharpness and image noise, here “3”. A higher number results in sharper, but also noisier images. Position 3: The second digit of the kernel number indicates the version information, here “0”. Position 4: The small letter indicates the scan mode, here “Fast”. Position 1: The capital letter indicates the kernel family, here “Body”. Position 2: The small letter indicates the kernel group, here “Regular”. Position 3: The two-digit kernel number indicates the resolution, here “32”. Please note: Whether the conventional or the updated kernel concept is implemented in the scanners of the Somaris 5 and 7 groups, depends on the specific VA, VB, and VC software versions. The kernels of the SOMATOM Force (Somaris 7) are different from all other scanners in the Somaris 5 and 7 groups. UHR (Ultra High Resolution) kernels are only available on Somaris 5 and Somaris 7 scanners. Describe the Role of Kernels in CT Image Reconstruction As image reconstruction parameter, a kernel digitally filters raw data and affects image sharpness, noise, and resolution. Users can select the proper kernel depending on the clinical needs. Images reconstructed with higher kernel numbers have a higher sharpness impression and a higher resolution compared to images reconstructed with lower kernel numbers. Images reconstructed with lower kernel numbers have a smoother image impression and a lower resolution compared to images reconstructed with higher kernel numbers. Installed kernels are different between scanner groups. Please note that the learning material is for training purposes only! For the proper use of the software or hardware, please always use the Operator Manual or Instructions for Use (hereinafter collectively “Operator Manual”) issued by Siemens Healthineers. This material is to be used as training material only and shall by no means substitute the Operator Manual. Any material used in this training will not be updated on a regular basis and does not necessarily reflect the latest version of the software and hardware available at the time of the training. The Operator's Manual shall be used as your main reference, in particular for relevant safety information like warnings and cautions. Note: Some functions shown in this material are optional and might not be part of your system. Certain products, product related claims or functionalities (hereinafter collectively “Functionality”) may not (yet) be commercially available in your country. Due to regulatory requirements, the future availability of said Functionalities in any specific country is not guaranteed. Please contact your local Siemens Healthineers sales representative for the most current information. The reproduction, transmission or distribution of this training or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All names and data of patients, parameters and configuration dependent designations are fictional and examples only. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. Copyright © Siemens Healthcare GmbH 2020 Siemens Healthineers Headquarters\Siemens Healthcare GmbH\Henkestr. 127\ 91052 Erlangen, Germany\Telephone: +49 9131 84-0\siemens-healthineers.com Disclaimer Disclaimer Assessment This assessment will test your retention of the presented content. A passing score of 80% or higher is required to complete the course and earn your certificate. You may repeat the assessment as many times as needed. Start Assessment Kernels cannot be created by users. “H30f” is a body kernel. Kernels affect patient dose. Kernels digitally filter reconstructed image data. Which statement about kernels is correct? Question 1 of 5 Select the best answer. Multiple Choice Question Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Correct The patient dose is a little bit higher in a B20f image. The high contrast resolution is lower in B60f. There is no difference in the image impression between both images. The B60f image has a sharper impression than the B20f image. Which statement about the comparison between a B20f image and a B60f image is correct? Question 2 of 5 Select the best answer. Multiple Choice Question Correct Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Correct This answer is incorrect. Somaris 10 scanners have UHR kernels. B40f is a child kernel. There is a Osteo kernel available for Somaris 10 scanners. In the conventional kernel concept, image sharpness is commonly represented by the first letter in the kernel name. Which statement is correct? Question 3 of 5 Select the best answer. Multiple Choice Question Correct Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Correct This answer is incorrect. B60f is a kernel available on Somaris 10 scanners. A Br36 kernel is named after the conventional kernel concept. In both the conventional and the updated kernel concept for Somaris 5 and 7 scanners, the two-digit number stands for the resolution. The kernels of the SOMATOM Force are different from all other scanners in the Somaris 5 and 7 groups. Which statement is correct? Question 4 of 5 Select the best answer. Multiple Choice Question Correct Correct This answer is incorrect. Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Correct This answer is incorrect. In the updated kernel concept for Somaris 5 and 7 scanners, UHR can only be indicated by the capital letter. The Somaris 10 scanner group offers no new kernels compared to the Somaris 5 and 7 groups. In the conventional kernel concept for Somaris 5 and 7 scanners, the capital letter “L” stands for Lung kernel. Kernels can be adjusted by the user. Which statement is correct? Question 5 of 5 Select the best answer. Multiple Choice Question Correct Correct This answer is incorrect. Correct This answer is incorrect. Incorrect This answer is incorrect. Review Review Retry Assessment Results %Results.ScorePercent%% %Results.PassPercent%% Continue YOUR SCORE: PASSING SCORE: Assessment Results You did not pass the course. Take time to review the assessment then select Retry to continue. Congratulations. You passed the course. Exit To access your Certificate of Completion, select the Launch button drop down on the course overview page. You can also access the certificate from your PEPconnect transcript. You have completed the Siemens Kernel Concept Online Training. Completion CT Kernel Concept HOOD05162003134673 1.1 Siemens Kernel Concept Online Training 1.2 Role of Kernels in CT Image Reconstruction 1.3 CT Scanner Groups 1.4 Role of Kernels in Image Reconstruction 1.5 Kernel Definition 1.6 Somaris 5 and 7 Kernel Concept 1.7 Somaris 5 and 7 | Conventional Kernel Concept 1.8 Somaris 5 and 7 | Body Kernels 1.9 Somaris 5 and 7 | Lung Kernels 1.10 Somaris 5 and 7 | Updated Kernel Concept (since 2013) 1.11 Somaris 7 | Special Case SOMATOM Force 1.12 Somaris 10 Kernel Concept 1.13 Kernel Naming System 1.14 Kernel Types and Sub Types 1.15 Kernel Overview Course Review and Assessment 1.16 Course Review 1.17 Disclaimer 1.18 Assessment