Atellica® Solution Chemistry Assay Principles Online Training

Continue Continue Continue Continue Course Content Master Template HILS2218 | Effective Date: 25-Mar-2022 ? Atellica® Solution Chemistry Assay Principles Online Training In this online training, we will look in depth at the chemistry technologies used on the Atellica® Solution. Describe chemistry technologies 1 Identify the assay formats 2 Welcome 1.1_welcome.mp3 Welcome to the Atellica Solution Chemistry Assay Principles Online Training course. In this online training, we will look in depth at the chemistry assay technologies on the Atellica Solution. This course will cover the following two learning objectives. For navigation help, select the question mark button located in the lower right corner of each slide. ? Chemistry Analyzer Technologies Select the buttons below to learn more about these technologies. Photometry Technology Photometry Technology Photometry Technology Integrated Multisensor Technology Chemistry Analyzer Technologies 1.2_chemistryanalyzertechnologies.mp3 The Atellica Solution employs two major chemistry technologies, photometry, and the IMT, or integrated multi-sensor technology. Select the buttons below to learn more about these technologies. On the photometric technology page, please select the texts in orange to learn more about these terms. Wavelengths BandPass Filters Photodiodes Dichroic Spiltters 1.5mm Aperture 1.5mm Aperture Light Engine Lamp Assembly Reaction Ring Absorption takes place here. Light in Light out Path length Absorbance A unit of measure based on the light absorbing ability of an object Equals the difference between the light intensity in and light intensity out of a sample-reagent mixture ​Photometer utilizes a splitter that separates the light into different wavelengths Integrated Multisensor Technology The Integrated Multisensor Technology, also known as IMT, measures the concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions in patient samples using potentiometry. Photometric Technology The Atellica® Solution uses photometric technology to measure the light absorbance of samples. These absorbances convert to qualitative, quantitative, and semi-quantitative test results that are reported by the analyzer. The absorbance is measured at 11 different wavelengths and the wavelength selected is assay-specific and defined in the Test Definition of the software. Select the terms in orange text to learn more. ? Photometric Technology Within the photometry technologies found on the Atellica® Solution, there are four assay formats. Select the tiles to learn more about each assay format. Photometric Assay Example: Glucose, Uric Acid EMIT® Assay Example: Drugs of Abuse - Cannabinoids Turbidimetric Assay Example: IgG IgA, Specific Proteins PETINIA Assay Example: Therapeutic Drugs - Vancomycin Photometer Photometric Technology 1.3_photometrictechnology.mp3 Within the photometry technologies found on the Atellica Solution, there are four assay formats, which are listed on the right side. Select the tiles to learn more about each assay format. ? IMT Technology The IMT system on the Atellica® Solution uses potentiometry to determine the concentration of these electrolytes in patient samples. Tests for electrolytes: sodium, potassium and chloride ​Monitor diseases of electrolyte imbalance Select the tab arrows to learn more. Sample Delivery Potentiometry Sample Pathway Sample Flow IMT Technology 1.4_imttechnology.mp3 Now let’s take a look at the Integrated Multisensor Technology, or IMT, a methodology found on the Atellica Solution. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride ions are tested using our own integrated multi-sensor technology. The IMT system on the Atellica Solution uses potentiometry to determine the concentration of these electrolytes in patient samples. These assays are used in diagnosis and monitoring diseases of electrolyte imbalance, such as dehydration due to Cystic Fibrosis. Select the tab arrows to learn more. Sample Flow The salt bridge solution serves as the reference solution during every measurement and flows across the reference electrode. The diluted sample is pulled through the sensor and across the ion-selective electrodes. Electrical potential is generated by the sample and compared to the potential generated by the known standard solution. Note: IMT performs a 2-point calibration using Standard A and Standard B and they are pulled through the sensor just like a sample. The difference in readings between Standard A and B at each electrode is used to calculate the calibration slope. Electrical Contacts 1:10 Diluted Sample Flow Direction Salt Bridge Solution Reference Electrode Ion-Selective Electrodes Sample Pathway The Peristaltic Pump pulls the diluted sample from the IMT port to the IMT multisensor for measurement. IMT Multisensor Sample Rotary Valve Salt Bridge Diluent Std A Std B Air Peristaltic Pump To Waste IMT System Sample Delivery On the Atellica® Solution, the measurement of electrolytes does not take place in the reaction cuvette. It uses a separate measurement system that starts by creating a 1:10 dilution of original sample in the IMT port. Diluent Sample + Water Diluted Sample IMT Port IMT Multisensor Sample Rotary Valve Salt Bridge Diluent Std A Std B Air Peristaltic Pump To Waste IMT System Potentiometry Potentiometry is the measurement of voltages from an unknown amount of electrolytes in a patient sample, while comparing it to the voltage generated by a known standard solution. An equation is used to convert the voltages measured into the concentration of the electrolytes in the patient sample. On the Atellica® Solution, the voltages are measured by electrical contacts in the I-M-T sensor. Electrical Contacts 1:10 Diluted Sample Flow Direction Salt Bridge (Conc. KCI Solution) Reference Electrode Air Detection Ion-Selective Electrodes K Na Cl ? Photometric Assays The Atellica® Solution calculates photometric assays using one of the following: Endpoint Rate 2-point Select the tab arrows to learn more about the three photometric assay types. Endpoint Rate 2-point Photometric Assays 1.5_photometric_assays.mp3 When utilizing the photometric assay, the Atellica Solution calculates sample results using either Endpoint, Rate, or 2-point assays. Select the tab arrows to learn more about the three photometric assay types. 2-Point 2-Point Assay Steps: Blank: cuvette water blank R1: reagent probe 1 addition S: sample addition R2: reagent probe 2 addition A1: first absorbance time point A2: second absorbance time point Absorbance is measured as the reaction proceeds Assays with first-order reaction kinetics use the 2-point assay format Absorbance is measured at 2 different times ​Reaction measurements are used to calculate the rate of absorbance versus time Absorbance Time Blank Rate Rate Assay Steps: Blank: cuvette water blank R1: reagent probe 1 addition S: sample addition R2: reagent probe 2 addition AI: initial absorbance time point AF: final absorbance time point Absorbance is measured as the reaction proceeds The assay concentration is determined by a formula which includes the calculation of the rate of absorbance versus time Blank Absorbance Time Endpoint Assay Steps: Blank: cuvette water blank R1: reagent probe 1 addition S: sample addition R2: reagent probe 2 addition A1: first absorbance time point (sample blank) A2: second absorbance time point (endpoint) Endpoint Absorbance is measured after the reaction or color formation completes Collects 3 absorbance measurements & the median measurement is used in the calculation The calculation converts to an assay concentration Absorbance Time Blank ? EMIT® Siemens Syva® EMIT®, Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique, was the first homogeneous drug testing technology introduced to the market. Select the button below to watch the video explaining the steps of EMIT. Video EMIT® 1.6_emit_assay.mp3 The second assay format found within the photometry technology on the Atellica Solution is the Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique, or EMIT. EMIT is commonly used to screen for the presence of drugs of abuse such as cocaine or THC. The assay is based on competition between the analyte present in the sample and analyte in the reagent, which is labeled with an enzyme. Select the button below to watch the video explaining the steps of EMIT. ? ? Turbidimetric Assay Reaction between sample and reagent is the production of turbidity or cloudiness due to particle aggregation Un-scattered light (indication of turbidity) is measured by the photometer Select the button below to learn more about the steps of turbidimetric assay. Detector spectrophotometer turbidimetry Light source Lens Cuvette Learn more Turbidimetric Assay 1.7_turbidimetricassay.mp3 Now, let’s take a look at the third assay format utilized by the Atellica Solution. In turbidimetric assay reactions, the end-product is particulate and produces cloudiness. In other words, turbidimetry is the measurement of cloudiness at the end of the reaction instead of color change. The same spectrophotometer on the Atellica Solution used for photometric assays, is used to measure a reduction in un-scattered light output as most of the light will be absorbed by the mixture. Select the button below to learn more about the steps of turbidimetric assay. Turbidimetric Assay Steps Sample containing protein of interest (analyte) is diluted in dilution cuvette, then added with Reagent 1 into the reaction cuvette on reaction ring. Reagent 2 is added and mixture is mixed and incubated at 37°C (mixture will become turbid). Light output is measured at the end of the incubation using the photometer. Sample Analyte Reagent Analyte Concentration Turbidity Mixture with NO sample analyte present Analyte-specific Antibody ? Mixture with sample analyte present Turbidity Concentration ? PETINIA PETINIA: Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay. Homogeneous competitive immunoassay Antibody fragments and drug-latex particles will bind to form aggregates that increase the turbidity of the solution; free drug from the sample competes for the antibody fragment, thereby decreasing the rate of particle aggregation Rate of aggregation is inversely proportional to the concentration of drug in the sample Select the button below to learn more about the steps of PETINIA. Learn more PETINIA 1.8_petinia.mp3 The fourth assay format on the Chemistry Analyzer is Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay, or PETINIA, and is used for monitoring some therapeutic drugs, such as the antibiotic vancomycin. PETINIA is a competitive immunoassay combining elements of EMIT and turbidimetry, based on competition between analyte or antigen present in the sample, and analyte in the reagent that is bound to a polystyrene latex particle. Patient antigen and particle-labeled reagent antigen compete for a limited number of antibody binding sites. The binding of particle-labeled antigen to antibody produces aggregation and increases the turbidity in the reaction cuvette. This is then measured by the photometer. The rate of aggregation is inversely proportional to the concentration of drug in the sample. Furthermore, therapeutic drug monitoring, or TDM, involves tailoring a dose of medication, like the antibiotic vancomycin, to an individual by maintaining the level of drug in the blood. Certain drugs have a narrow therapeutic range. In concentrations above the upper limit of the range, the drug can be toxic. In concentrations below the lower limit of the range, the drug can be ineffective. Select the button below to learn more about the steps of PETINIA. PETINIA Steps Sample containing target therapeutic drug (analyte) is diluted in dilution cuvette, then added with Reagent 1 into the reaction cuvette on reaction ring. Reagent 2 is added and mixture is mixed and incubated at 37°C (mixture will become turbid). Light output is measured at the end of the incubation using the photometer. Sample Analyte Reagent Analyte Analyte-specific Antibody ? Mixture with NO sample analyte present Mixture with sample analyte present Turbidity Concentration Turbidity Concentration ? Course Review Congratulations. You have completed the Atellica® Solution Chemistry Assay Principles Online Training course. Select the numbered buttons below to review the material before proceeding to the final assessment. Identify the assay formats Describe chemistry technologies 1 1 2 2 Course Review Identify the assay formats Within the photometry technologies found on the Atellica Solution, there are four assay formats: Photometric Assay: Endpoint Rate 2-point EMIT (Enzyme-Multiplied Immunoassay Technique) Turbidimetric Assay PETINIA (Particle Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay) Describe chemistry technologies The Atellica® Solution uses Photometric Technology to measure the light absorbance of samples. These absorbances convert to qualitative, quantitative, and semi-quantitative test results that are reported by the analyzer. The absorbance is measured at 11 different wavelengths and the wavelength selected is assay-specific and defined in the Test Definition of the software. The Integrated Multisensor Technology, also known as IMT, measures the concentration of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions in patient samples using potentiometry. Disclaimer Please note that the learning material is for training purposes only. For the proper use of the software or hardware, please always use the Operator Manual or Instructions for Use (hereinafter collectively “Operator Manual”) issued by Siemens Healthineers. This material is to be used as training material only and shall by no means substitute the Operator Manual. Any material used in this training will not be updated on a regular basis and does not necessarily reflect the latest version of the software and hardware available at the time of the training. The Operator Manual shall be used as your main reference, in particular for relevant safety information like warnings and cautions. Please note: Some functions shown in this material are optional and might not be part of your system. Certain products, product related claims or functionalities (hereinafter collectively “Functionality”) may not (yet) be commercially available in your country. Due to regulatory requirements, the future availability of said Functionalities in any specific country is not guaranteed. Please contact your local Siemens Healthineers sales representative for the most current information. The reproduction, transmission or distribution of this training or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All names and data of patients, parameters and configuration dependent designations are fictional and examples only. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved. © Siemens Healthcare GmbH 2023 Siemens Healthineers Headquarters\Siemens Healthcare GmbH\Henkestr. 127\ 91052 Erlangen, Germany\Telephone: +49 9131 84-0\siemens-healthineers.com ? Disclaimer Assessment Start ? This assessment will test your retention of the presented content. A passing score of 80% or higher is required to complete the course and earn your certificate . Assessment questions must be answered completely to receive full credit. Partial credit will not be given for assessment questions that require multiple answers. You may repeat the assessment as many times as needed. Assessment Select the best answer. ? Question 1 of 7 What are the 4 different assay technologies used in the Atellica Solution? Photometric Assay, EMIT Assay, Turbidimetric Assay, PETINIA Assay Photometric Assay, EMIT Assay, Turbidimetric Assay, PETINIA Assay Photometric Assay, EMIT Assay, Turbidimetric Assay, PETINIA Assay Photometric Assay, Sandwich Assay, Competitive Assay, PETINIA Assay IMT, Photometry, EMIT Assay, PETINIA Assay Chemiluminescence, Photometric Assay, Turbidimetric Assay, IMT Chemiluminescence, Photometric Assay, Turbidimetric Assay, IMT Chemiluminescence, Photometric Assay, Turbidimetric Assay, IMT Multiple Choice Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Correct Select the best answer. ? Question 2 of 7 Which of the 4 photometric assay principles is most often used to measure specific proteins? Turbidimetric technology Turbidimetric technology Photometric technology EMIT technology PETINIA technology PETINIA technology PETINIA technology Multiple Choice Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Correct Select the best answer. ? Question 3 of 7 Which of the 4 photometric assay principles is most often used to screen for drugs of abuse? EMIT assay EMIT assay Photometric assay Turbidimetric assay PETINIA assay PETINIA assay PETINIA assay Multiple Choice Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Correct Select the best answer. ? Question 4 of 7 Which of the following principles does the IMT use? Potentiometry Potentiometry Chemiluminescence Turbidimetry Absorbance Absorbance Absorbance Multiple Choice Incorrect Incorrect Incorrect Correct Select the best answer. ? Question 5 of 7 In photometric assay, which of the following formats measures absorbance after the reaction is complete? Endpoint assay Endpoint assay Rate assay 2-Point assay Multiple Choice Incorrect Incorrect Correct Select the best answer. ? Question 6 of 7 What does the IMT measure for in the patient sample? Electrolytes Electrolytes Therapeutic Drugs Drugs of Abuse Multiple Choice Incorrect Incorrect Correct Select the best answer. ? Question 7 of 7 What does PETINIA stand for? Particle-Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay Particle-Enhanced Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay Particle-Enhanced Total Inverse Immunoassay Particular Enzyme Turbidimetric Inhibition Immunoassay Multiple Choice Incorrect Incorrect Correct Assessment Results YOUR SCORE: PASSING SCORE: Review Retry Retry Continue Continue Continue %Results.ScorePercent%% %Results.PassPercent%% ? Assessment Results You did not pass the course. Take time to review the assessment then select Retry to continue. Congratulations. You passed the course.. Exit To access your Certificate of Completion, select the Launch button drop down on the course overview page. You can also access the certificate from your PEPconnect transcript. ? You have completed the Atellica® Solution Chemistry Assay Principles Online Training. Completion Navigation Help Select the icon above to open the table of contents. Click Next to continue. Next Welcome Slide The timeline displays the slide progression. Slide the orange bar backwards to rewind the timeline. Click Next to continue. Next Tmeline Select the CC icon to display closed captioning (subtitles). Click Next to continue. Next Caption Icon Select the buttons to learn more about a topic. Be sure to review all topics before navigating to the next slide. Click Next to continue. Next Tab Arrow Slide Select the X to close the pop-up. Click Next to continue. Next Layer Slide Select Submit to record your response. Click the X in the upper right corner to exit the navigation help. Assessment Slide Question Bank 1 HOOD05162003327479 | Effective Date: 26-JAN-2023 1.1 Welcome 1.2 Chemistry Analyzer Technologies 1.3 Photometric Technology 1.5 Photometric Assays 1.6 EMIT® 1.7 Turbidimetric Assay 1.8 PETINIA 1.4 IMT Technology 1.9 Course Review 1.10 Disclaimer 1.11 Assessment